An instrument manipulates a treatment that it does not entirely control, but the instrument affects the outcome only indirectly through its manipulation of the treatment. The idealized prototype is ...

Nonparametric instrumental variable (NPIV) estimation is a cutting‐edge methodological framework employed to uncover causal relationships in the presence of endogenous regressors, without imposing ...

“LIKE elaborately plumed birds…we preen and strut and display our t-values.” That was Edward Leamer's uncharitable description of his profession in 1983. Mr Leamer, an economist at the University of ...

Instrumental variable (IV) methods for regression are well established. More recently, methods have been developed for statistical inference when the instruments are weakly correlated with the ...