In algorithms, as in life, negativity can be a drag. Consider the problem of finding the shortest path between two points on a graph — a network of nodes connected by links, or edges. Often, these ...

Sometimes, it’s easy for a computer to predict the future. Simple phenomena, such as how sap flows down a tree trunk, are straightforward and can be captured in a few lines of code using what ...

In the present paper a bi-objective integer linear programming problem (BILP) is discussed. The main effort in this work is to effectively implement the ϵ-constraint method to produce a complete set ...